TY - JOUR T1 - Common garden experiments disentangle plant genetic and environmental contributions to ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure. JF - New Phytologist Y1 - 2018 A1 - Patterson, A.M. A1 - Flores-Rentería, L. A1 - A.V. Whipple A1 - Whitham, T.G. A1 - Gehring, C.A. AB -

The interactions among climate change, plant genetic variation and fungal mutualists are poorly understood, but probably important to plant survival under drought. We examined these interactions by studying the ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities of pinyon pine seedlings (Pinus edulis) planted in a wildland ecosystem experiencing two decades of climate change‐related drought We established a common garden containing P. edulis seedlings of known maternal lineages (drought tolerant, DT; drought intolerant, DI), manipulated soil moisture and measured EMF community structure and seedling growth. Three findings emerged: EMF community composition differed at the phylum level between DT and DI seedlings, and diversity was two‐fold greater in DT than in DI seedlings. EMF communities of DT seedlings did not shift with water treatment and were dominated by an ascomycete, Geopora sp. By contrast, DI seedlings shifted to basidiomycete dominance with increased moisture, demonstrating a lineage by environment interaction. DT seedlings grew larger than DI seedlings in high (28%) and low (50%) watering treatments. These results show that inherited plant traits strongly influence microbial communities, interacting with drought to affect seedling performance. These interactions and their potential feedback effects may influence the success of trees, such as P. edulis, in future climates.

VL - 221 UR - https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.15352 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High temperature at lower elevation sites fails to promote acclimation or adaptation to heat stress during pollen germination. JF - Frontiers in Plant Science Y1 - 2018 A1 - Flores-Rentería, L. A1 - Whipple, A.V., A1 - Benally, G.J. A1 - Patterson, A.M. A1 - Canyon, B. A1 - Gehring, C.A. AB -

High temperatures associated with climate change are expected to be detrimental for aspects of plant reproduction, such as pollen viability. We hypothesized that (1) higher peak temperatures predicted with climate change would have a minimal effect on pollen viability, while high temperatures during pollen germination would negatively affect pollen viability, (2) high temperatures during pollen dispersal would facilitate acclimation to high temperatures during pollen germination, and (3) pollen from populations at sites with warmer average temperatures would be better adapted to high temperature peaks. We tested these hypotheses in Pinus edulis, a species with demonstrated sensitivity to climate change, using populations along an elevational gradient. We tested for acclimation to high temperatures by measuring pollen viability during dispersal and germination stages in pollen subjected to 30, 35, and 40°C in a factorial design. We also characterized pollen phenology and measured pollen heat tolerance using trees from nine sites along a 200 m elevational gradient that varied 4°C in temperature. We demonstrated that this gradient is biologically meaningful by evaluating variation in vegetation composition and P. edulis performance. Male reproduction was negatively affected by high temperatures, with stronger effects during pollen germination than pollen dispersal. Populations along the elevational gradient varied in pollen phenology, vegetation composition, plant water stress, nutrient availability, and plant growth. In contrast to our hypothesis, pollen viability was highest in pinyons from mid-elevation sites rather than from lower elevation sites. We found no evidence of acclimation or adaptation of pollen to high temperatures. Maximal plant performance as measured by growth did not occur at the same elevation as maximal pollen viability. These results indicate that periods of high temperature negatively affected sexual reproduction, such that even high pollen production may not result in successful fertilization due to low germination. Acquired thermotolerance might not limit these impacts, but pinyon could avoid heat stress by phenological adjustment of pollen development. Higher pollen viability at the core of the distribution could be explained by an optimal combination of biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The disconnect between measures of growth and pollen production suggests that vigor metrics may not accurately estimate reproduction.

VL - 9 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.00536/full ER - TY - CHAP T1 - IN PRESS: Using the Southwest Experimental Garden Array to enhance riparian restoration in response to global change: Identifying and deploying genotypes and populations for current and future environments. T2 - In Riparian research and management: Past, present, future. Y1 - 2017 A1 - Whitham, T.G. A1 - C.A. Gehring A1 - H.M. Bothwell A1 - H.F. Cooper A1 - J.B. Hull A1 - G.J. Allan A1 - K.C. Grady A1 - L. Markovchick A1 - S.M. Shuster A1 - J. Parker A1 - A.E. Cadmus A1 - D.H. Ikeda A1 - R.K. Bangert JF - In Riparian research and management: Past, present, future. PB - Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-inpress Fort Collins U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. CY - Fort Collins, CO, USA VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bud phenology and growth are subject to divergent selection across a latitudinal gradient in Populus angustifolia and impact adaptation across the distributional range and associated arthropods. JF - Ecology and evolution Y1 - 2016 A1 - Evans,Luke M A1 - Kaluthota,Sobadini A1 - Pearce,David W A1 - Allan,Gerard J A1 - Floate,Kevin A1 - Rood,Stewart B A1 - Whitham,Thomas G AB -

Temperate forest tree species that span large geographical areas and climatic gradients often have high levels of genetic variation. Such species are ideal for testing how neutral demographic factors and climate-driven selection structure genetic variation within species, and how this genetic variation can affect ecological communities. Here, we quantified genetic variation in vegetative phenology and growth traits in narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, using three common gardens planted with genotypes originating from source populations spanning the species' range along the Rocky Mountains of North America (ca. 1700 km). We present three main findings. First, we found strong evidence of divergent selection (Q ST > F ST) on fall phenology (bud set) with adaptive consequences for frost avoidance. We also found evidence for selection on bud flush duration, tree height, and basal diameter, resulting in population differentiation. Second, we found strong associations with climate variables that were strongly correlated with latitude of origin. More strongly differentiated traits also showed stronger climate correlations, which emphasizes the role that climate has played in divergent selection throughout the range. We found population × garden interaction effects; for some traits, this accounted for more of the variance than either factor alone. Tree height was influenced by the difference in climate of the source and garden locations and declined with increasing transfer distance. Third, growth traits were correlated with dependent arthropod community diversity metrics. Synthesis. Overall, we conclude that climate has influenced genetic variation and structure in phenology and growth traits and leads to local adaptation in P. angustifolia, which can then impact dependent arthropod species. Importantly, relocation of genotypes far northward or southward often resulted in poor growth, likely due to a phenological mismatch with photoperiod, the proximate cue for fall growth cessation. Genotypes moved too far southward suffer from early growth cessation, whereas those moved too far northward are prone to fall frost and winter dieback. In the face of current and forecasted climate change, habitat restoration, forestry, and tree breeding efforts should utilize these findings to better match latitudinal and climatic source environments with management locations for optimal future outcomes.

VL - 6 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=27386097&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the stress gradient hypothesis hold water? An assessment of vegetation effects on soil moisture and implications for plant-plant interactions. JF - Functional Ecology Y1 - 2016 A1 - Butterfield,BJ A1 - Bradford,J A1 - Armas,C A1 - Prieto,I A1 - Pugnaire,FI VL - 30 N1 - [Original String]:Butterfield, B.J., Bradford, J., Armas, C., Prieto, I. and Pugnaire, F.I. (2016). Does the stress gradient hypothesis hold water? An assessment of vegetation effects on soil moisture and implications for plant-plant interactions. Functional Ecology, 30, 10-19. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States. JF - Global change biology Y1 - 2016 A1 - James S Clark A1 - Iverson,Louis A1 - Woodall,Christopher W A1 - Allen,Craig D A1 - Bell,David M A1 - Bragg,Don C A1 - D'Amato,Anthony W A1 - Davis,Frank W A1 - Hersh,Michelle H A1 - Ibanez,Ines A1 - Jackson,Stephen T A1 - Matthews,Stephen A1 - Pederson,Neil A1 - Peters,Matthew A1 - Schwartz,Mark W A1 - Waring,Kristen M A1 - Zimmermann,Niklaus E KW - biodiversity KW - Droughts KW - Ecosystem KW - Forests KW - Trees KW - United States AB -

We synthesize insights from current understanding of drought impacts at stand-to-biogeographic scales, including management options, and we identify challenges to be addressed with new research. Large stand-level shifts underway in western forests already are showing the importance of interactions involving drought, insects, and fire. Diebacks, changes in composition and structure, and shifting range limits are widely observed. In the eastern US, the effects of increasing drought are becoming better understood at the level of individual trees, but this knowledge cannot yet be confidently translated to predictions of changing structure and diversity of forest stands. While eastern forests have not experienced the types of changes seen in western forests in recent decades, they too are vulnerable to drought and could experience significant changes with increased severity, frequency, or duration in drought. Throughout the continental United States, the combination of projected large climate-induced shifts in suitable habitat from modeling studies and limited potential for the rapid migration of tree populations suggests that changing tree and forest biogeography could substantially lag habitat shifts already underway. Forest management practices can partially ameliorate drought impacts through reductions in stand density, selection of drought-tolerant species and genotypes, artificial regeneration, and the development of multistructured stands. However, silvicultural treatments also could exacerbate drought impacts unless implemented with careful attention to site and stand characteristics. Gaps in our understanding should motivate new research on the effects of interactions involving climate and other species at the stand scale and how interactions and multiple responses are represented in models. This assessment indicates that, without a stronger empirical basis for drought impacts at the stand scale, more complex models may provide limited guidance.

VL - 22 SN - 1354-1013 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=26898361&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic organization of bacterial activity. JF - The ISME journal Y1 - 2016 A1 - Ember M Morrissey A1 - Mau,Rebecca L A1 - Egbert Schwartz A1 - Caporaso,J Gregory A1 - P Dijkstra A1 - van Gestel,Natasja A1 - BJ Koch A1 - Liu,Cindy M A1 - Hayer,Michaela A1 - McHugh,Theresa A A1 - Jane C Marks A1 - Lance B Price A1 - Hungate,Bruce A KW - Bacteria KW - Biological Evolution KW - Carbon Isotopes KW - Ecology KW - Ecosystem KW - Oxygen Isotopes KW - Phenotype KW - Phylogeny AB -

Phylogeny is an ecologically meaningful way to classify plants and animals, as closely related taxa frequently have similar ecological characteristics, functional traits and effects on ecosystem processes. For bacteria, however, phylogeny has been argued to be an unreliable indicator of an organism's ecology owing to evolutionary processes more common to microbes such as gene loss and lateral gene transfer, as well as convergent evolution. Here we use advanced stable isotope probing with (13)C and (18)O to show that evolutionary history has ecological significance for in situ bacterial activity. Phylogenetic organization in the activity of bacteria sets the stage for characterizing the functional attributes of bacterial taxonomic groups. Connecting identity with function in this way will allow scientists to begin building a mechanistic understanding of how bacterial community composition regulates critical ecosystem functions.

VL - 10 SN - 1751-7362 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=26943624&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of precipitation and temperature control on seedling emergence and establishment for ponderosa and lodgepole pine forest regeneration. JF - Forest Ecology and Management Y1 - 2016 A1 - Petrie,MD A1 - Wildeman,AM A1 - Bradford,JB A1 - Hubbard,RM A1 - Lauenroth,WK VL - 361 N1 - [Original String]:Petrie, M. D., Wildeman, A. M., Bradford, J. B., Hubbard, R. M. and Lauenroth, W. K. (2016). A review of precipitation and temperature control on seedling emergence and establishment for ponderosa and lodgepole pine forest regeneration. Forest Ecology and Management 361:328-338. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Taxon-specific microbial activities explain soil carbon cycling dynamics. T2 - Ecological Society of America Y1 - 2016 A1 - Morrissey,EM A1 - RL Mau A1 - Schwartz,E A1 - Caporaso,JG A1 - P Dijkstra A1 - McHugh,T A1 - Marks,JC A1 - Price,LB A1 - Liu,CM A1 - Hungate,BA AB -

Morrissey, E.M., Mau, R.L., Schwartz, E., Caporaso, J.G., Dijkstra, P.,McHugh, T., Marks, J.C., Price, L.B., Liu, C.M. and Hungate, B.A. (2016). Taxon-specific microbial activities explain soil carbon cycling dynamics. ESA August 7-12, Fort Lauderdale.

JF - Ecological Society of America T3 - Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting PB - ESA CY - Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA N1 - [Original String]:Morrissey, E.M., Mau, R.L., Schwartz, E., Caporaso, J.G., Dijkstra, P., McHugh, T., Marks, J.C., Price, L.B., Liu, C.M. and Hungate, B.A. (2016). Taxon-specific microbial activities explain soil carbon cycling dynamics. ESA August 7-12, Fort Lauderdale. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of extracellular DNA decomposition and bacterial community composition in soil. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry Y1 - 2015 A1 - Morrissey,EM A1 - McHugh,TA A1 - Preteska,L A1 - Hayer,M A1 - P Dijkstra A1 - Hungate,BA A1 - Schwartz,E VL - 86 N1 - [Original String]:Morrissey, E.M., McHugh, T.A., Preteska, L., Hayer, M., Dijkstra, P., Hungate, B.A., and Schwartz E (2015). Dynamics of extracellular DNA decomposition and bacterial community composition in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 86, 42-49. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking soil bacterial biodiversity and soil carbon stability. JF - The ISME journal Y1 - 2015 A1 - Mau,Rebecca L A1 - Liu,Cindy M A1 - Aziz,Maliha A1 - Egbert Schwartz A1 - P Dijkstra A1 - Jane C Marks A1 - Lance B Price A1 - Keim,Paul A1 - Hungate,Bruce A KW - Bacteria KW - biodiversity KW - Biomass KW - Carbon KW - Ecosystem KW - Glucose KW - Isotopes KW - Oxygen KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S KW - Soil KW - Soil Microbiology AB -

Native soil carbon (C) can be lost in response to fresh C inputs, a phenomenon observed for decades yet still not understood. Using dual-stable isotope probing, we show that changes in the diversity and composition of two functional bacterial groups occur with this 'priming' effect. A single-substrate pulse suppressed native soil C loss and reduced bacterial diversity, whereas repeated substrate pulses stimulated native soil C loss and increased diversity. Increased diversity after repeated C amendments contrasts with resource competition theory, and may be explained by increased predation as evidenced by a decrease in bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies. Our results suggest that biodiversity and composition of the soil microbial community change in concert with its functioning, with consequences for native soil C stability.

VL - 9 SN - 1751-7362 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=25350158&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 6 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - From genes to ecosystems: emerging concepts bridging ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Y1 - 2012 A1 - JK Bailey A1 - Schweitzer,JA A1 - Fitzpatrick,BM A1 - Genung,MA A1 - Pregitzer,CC A1 - M Zinkgraf A1 - TG Whitham A1 - Keith,A A1 - Reilly-Wapstra,JM A1 - Potts,BM A1 - Rehill,BJ A1 - LeRoy,CJ A1 - Fischer,DG A1 - Iason,GR A1 - Dicke,M A1 - Hartley,SE ED - Iason,GR ED - Dicke,M ED - Hartley,SE PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York N1 - [Original String]:Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA, Úbeda F, Fitzpatrick BM, Genung MA, Pregitzer CC, Zinkgraf M, Whitham TG, Keith A, O’Reilly-Wapstra JM, Potts BM, Rehill BJ, LeRoy CJ, Fischer DG. 2012. From genes to ecosystems: emerging concepts bridging ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In Iason GR, Dicke M, Hartley SE, editors The ecology of plant secondary metabolites: from genes to global processes New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; p 269-286. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards Cyber-Eco Systems: Networked Sensing, Inference and Control for Distributed Ecological Experiments T2 - IEEE International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing Y1 - 2012 A1 - PG Flikkema A1 - Yamamoto,KR A1 - Boegli,S A1 - Porter,C A1 - PL Heinrich JF - IEEE International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing T3 - IEEE International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genes to ecosystems: exploring the frontiers of ecology with one of the smallest biological units. JF - The New phytologist Y1 - 2011 A1 - Wymore,Adam S A1 - Keeley,Annika T H A1 - Yturralde,Kasey M A1 - Schroer,Melanie L A1 - Propper,Catherine R A1 - Whitham,Thomas G KW - Animals KW - Cell Respiration KW - climate change KW - Ecosystem KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Female KW - Fishes KW - Gene Expression KW - Haplotypes KW - Humans KW - Introduced Species KW - Male KW - Plants KW - Population Dynamics KW - Sciuridae AB -

Genes and their expression levels in individual species can structure whole communities and affect ecosystem processes. Although much has been written about community and ecosystem phenotypes with a few model systems, such as poplar and goldenrod, here we explore the potential application of a community genetics approach with systems involving invasive species, climate change and pollution. We argue that community genetics can reveal patterns and processes that otherwise might remain undetected. To further facilitate the community genetics or genes-to-ecosystem concept, we propose four community genetics postulates that allow for the conclusion of a causal relationship between the gene and its effect on the ecosystem. Although most current studies do not satisfy these criteria completely, several come close and, in so doing, begin to provide a genetic-based understanding of communities and ecosystems, as well as a sound basis for conservation and management practices.

VL - 191 SN - 0028-646X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=21631507&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf ontogeny interacts with Bt modification to affect innate resistance in GM aspens JF - Chemoecology Y1 - 2011 A1 - Axelsson,EP A1 - Hjältén,J A1 - TG Whitham A1 - Julkunen-Tiitto,R A1 - Pilate,G AB - Bioassays with a non-target slug ( Deroceras spp.) and chemical analyses were conducted using leaf tissue from already existing genetically modified insect-resistant aspen trees to examine whether genetic modifications to produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins could affect plant phytochemistry, which in turn might influence plant–herbivore interactions. Three major patterns emerged. First, two independent modifications for Bt resistance affected the phytochemical profiles of leaves such that both were different from the isogenic wild-type (Wt) control leaves, but also different from each other. Among the contributors to these differences are substances with a presumed involvement in resistance, such as salicortin and soluble condensed tannins. Second, bioassays with one Bt line suggest that the modification somehow affected innate resistance (“Innate” is used here in opposition to the “acquired” Bt resistance) in ways such that slugs preferred Bt over Wt leaves. Third, the preference test suggests that the innate resistance in Bt relative to Wt plants may not be uniformly expressed throughout the whole plant and that leaf ontogeny interacts with the modification to affect resistance. This was manifested through an ontogenetic determined increase in leaf consumption that was more than four times higher in Bt compared to Wt leaves. Our result are of principal importance, as these indicate that genetic modifications can affect innate resistance and thus non-target herbivores in ways that may have commercial and/or environmental consequences. The finding of a modification–ontogeny interaction effect on innate resistance may be especially important in assessments of GM plants with a long lifespan such as trees. VL - 21 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00049-011-0080-8 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A geographic mosaic of genetic variation within a foundation tree species and its community-level consequences. JF - Ecology Y1 - 2009 A1 - Barbour,Robert C A1 - O'Reilly-Wapstra,Julianne M A1 - De Little,David W A1 - Jordan,Gregory J A1 - Steane,Dorothy A A1 - Humphreys,Jonathon R A1 - JK Bailey A1 - Whitham,Thomas G A1 - Potts,Bradley M KW - Animals KW - Australia KW - Biological Evolution KW - Demography KW - Ecosystem KW - Eucalyptus KW - Fungi KW - Genetic Variation KW - Insecta AB -

Knowledge of the manner in which genetic variation within a tree species affects associated communities and ecosystem processes across its entire range is important for understanding how geographic mosaics of genetic interactions might develop and support different communities. While numerous studies have investigated the community and ecosystem consequences of genetic variation at the hybrid cross type or genotype level within a species, none has investigated the community-level effects of intraspecific genetic variation across the geographic range of a widespread species. This is the scale at which geographic mosaics of coevolution are hypothesized to exist. Studies at this level are particularly important for foundation tree species, which typically support numerous microbial, fungal, plant, and animal communities. We studied genetic variation across eight geographical races of the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus representing its natural distribution across southeastern Australia. The study was conducted in a 15-year-old common garden trial based on families derived from single-tree open-pollinated seed collections from the wild. Neutral molecular genetic variation within E. globulus was also assessed and compared with genetic divergence in the phenotypic and community traits. Three major findings emerged. First, we found significant genetically based, hierarchical variation in associated communities corresponding to geographical races of E. globulus and families within races. Second, divergence in foliar communities at the racial level was associated with genetically based divergence in specific leaf morphological and chemical traits that have known defensive functions. Third, significant positive correlations between canopy community dissimilarity and both neutral molecular genetic and leaf quantitative genetic dissimilarity at the race level supported a genetic similarity rule. Our results argue that genetic variation within foundation tree species has the potential to be a significant driver of the geographical mosaics of variation typical of forest communities, which could have important ecological and evolutionary implications.

VL - 90 SN - 0012-9658 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=19694126&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 7 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Host plants mediate ant-aphid mutualisms and their effects on community structure and diversity T2 - Ecological communities: plant mediation in indirect interaction webs. Y1 - 2007 A1 - Wimp,GM A1 - TG Whitham ED - Ohgushi,T ED - Craig,TP ED - Price,PW JF - Ecological communities: plant mediation in indirect interaction webs. PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A framework for community and ecosystem genetics: from genes to ecosystems. JF - Nature reviews. Genetics Y1 - 2006 A1 - Whitham,Thomas G A1 - JK Bailey A1 - Jennifer A Schweitzer A1 - Shuster,Stephen M A1 - RK Bangert A1 - LeRoy,Carri J A1 - Lonsdorf,Eric V A1 - Allan,Gery J A1 - DiFazio,Stephen P A1 - Potts,Brad M A1 - Fischer,Dylan G A1 - Gehring,Catherine A A1 - Lindroth,Richard L A1 - Jane C Marks A1 - Stephen C Hart A1 - Wimp,Gina M A1 - Wooley,Stuart C KW - Animals KW - Ecosystem KW - Genetics, Population KW - Humans KW - Plants AB -

Can heritable traits in a single species affect an entire ecosystem? Recent studies show that such traits in a common tree have predictable effects on community structure and ecosystem processes. Because these 'community and ecosystem phenotypes' have a genetic basis and are heritable, we can begin to apply the principles of population and quantitative genetics to place the study of complex communities and ecosystems within an evolutionary framework. This framework could allow us to understand, for the first time, the genetic basis of ecosystem processes, and the effect of such phenomena as climate change and introduced transgenic organisms on entire communities.

VL - 7 SN - 1471-0056 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=16778835&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 7 ER -